In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Rebellion and Transgression

(Qur’anic Perspective)

1. Punishment for the Transgression of the Children of Israel

Arabic:
وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ هَادُوا حَرَّمْنَا كُلَّ ذِي ظُفُرٍ ۖ وَمِنَ الْبَقَرِ وَالْغَنَمِ حَرَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ شُحُومَهُمَا إِلَّا مَا حَمَلَتْ ظُهُورُهُمَا أَوِ الْحَوَايَا أَوْ مَا اخْتَلَطَ بِعَظْمٍ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ جَزَيْنَاهُم بِبَغْيِهِمْ ۖ وَإِنَّا لَصَادِقُونَ

Transliteration:
Wa-ʿalā alladhīna hādū ḥarramnā kulla dhī ẓufur, wa-mina al-baqari wa-al-ghanami ḥarramnā ʿalayhim shuḥūmahumā illā mā ḥamalat ẓuhūruhumā awi al-ḥawāyā aw mā ikhtalaṭa bi-ʿaẓm, dhālika jazaynāhum bi-baghyihim wa-innā la-ṣādiqūn

Translation:
"And for those who were Jews We prohibited every animal with claws, and of the cattle and sheep We prohibited to them their fat except what adheres to their backs or the entrails or what is mixed with bone. Thus We recompensed them for their transgression, and indeed We are truthful." (Al-Anʿām 146)

2. What Allah Has Forbidden

Arabic:
قُلْ إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ رَبِّيَ الْفَوَاحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ وَالْإِثْمَ وَالْبَغْيَ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَأَن تُشْرِكُوا بِاللَّهِ مَا لَمْ يُنَزِّلْ بِهِ سُلْطَانًا وَأَن تَقُولُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ

Transliteration:
Qul innamā ḥarrama rabbī al-fawāḥisha mā ẓahara minhā wa-mā baṭana wa-al-ithma wa-al-baghya bi-ghayri al-ḥaqq wa-an tushrikū bi-Allāhi mā lam yunazzil bihi sulṭānan wa-an taqūlū ʿalā Allāhi mā lā taʿlamūn

Translation:
"Say: My Lord has only forbidden immoralities — what is apparent of them and what is concealed — and sin, and transgression without right, and that you associate with Allah that for which He has sent down no authority, and that you say about Allah that which you do not know." (Al-Aʿrāf 33)

3. Command for Justice and Prohibition of Transgression

Arabic:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَالْإِحْسَانِ وَإِيتَاءِ ذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَيَنْهَىٰ عَنِ الْفَحْشَاءِ وَالْمُنكَرِ وَالْبَغْيِ ۚ يَعِظُكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ

Transliteration:
Inna Allāha yaʾmuru bi-al-ʿadli wa-al-iḥsāni wa-ītāʾi dhī al-qurbā wa-yanhā ʿani al-faḥshāʾi wa-al-munkari wa-al-baghyi, yaʿiẓukum laʿallakum tadhakkarūn

Translation:
"Indeed, Allah commands justice, excellence, and giving to relatives, and forbids immorality, wrongdoing, and transgression. He admonishes you so that you may take heed." (Al-Naḥl 90)

4. Excess Provision Leads to Corruption

Arabic:
وَلَوْ بَسَطَ اللَّهُ الرِّزْقَ لِعِبَادِهِ لَبَغَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَٰكِن يُنَزِّلُ بِقَدَرٍ مَّا يَشَاءُ ۚ إِنَّهُ بِعِبَادِهِ خَبِيرٌ بَصِيرٌ

Transliteration:
Wa-law basaṭa Allāhu al-rizqa li-ʿibādihi la-baghaw fī al-arḍi wa-lākin yunazzilu bi-qadarin mā yashāʾ, innahu bi-ʿibādihi khabīrun baṣīr

Translation:
"And if Allah had expanded provision for His servants, they would have transgressed throughout the earth; but He sends it down in measure as He wills. Indeed, He is All-Aware and All-Seeing of His servants." (Al-Shūrā 27)

5. Fighting Against the Transgressing Party

Arabic:
وَإِن طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا ۖ فَإِن بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَىٰ فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّىٰ تَفِيءَ إِلَىٰ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ ۚ فَإِن فَاءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُوا ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ

Transliteration:
Wa-in ṭāʾifatāni mina al-muʾminīna iqtatalū fa-aṣliḥū baynahumā, fa-in baghat iḥdāhumā ʿalā al-ukhrā fa-qātilū allatī tabghī ḥattā tafīʾa ilā amri Allāh, fa-in fāʾat fa-aṣliḥū baynahumā bi-al-ʿadli wa-aqsiṭū, inna Allāha yuḥibbu al-muqsiṭīn

Translation:
"And if two groups among the believers fight, then make peace between them. But if one of them transgresses against the other, then fight the one that transgresses until it returns to the command of Allah. And if it returns, then make peace between them with justice and act equitably. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly." (Al-Ḥujurāt 9)

6. Differences Caused by Rebellion

Arabic:
كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ وَأَنزَلَ مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فِيمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ ۚ وَمَا اخْتَلَفَ فِيهِ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوهُ مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ بَغْيًا بَيْنَهُمْ ۖ فَهَدَى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَهْدِي مَن يَشَاءُ إِلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ

Transliteration:
Kāna al-nāsu ummatan wāḥidah fa-baʿatha Allāhu al-nabiyyīna mubashshirīna wa-mundhirīn wa-anzala maʿahumu al-kitāba bi-al-ḥaqq li-yaḥkuma bayna al-nāsi fīmā ikhtalafū fīh, wa-mā ikhtalafa fīhi illā alladhīna ūtūhu min baʿdi mā jāʾathumu al-bayyinātu baghyan baynahum, fa-hadā Allāhu alladhīna āmanū limā ikhtalafū fīhi mina al-ḥaqq bi-idhnih, wa-Allāhu yahdī man yashāʾu ilā ṣirāṭin mustaqīm

Translation:
"Mankind was one community; then Allah sent the prophets as bringers of good news and warners, and He sent down with them the Book in truth to judge between people concerning that in which they differed. But none differed concerning it except those who were given it, after clear proofs had come to them, out of transgression among themselves. Then Allah guided those who believed to the truth concerning that over which they had differed, by His permission. And Allah guides whom He wills to a straight path." (Al-Baqarah 213)

7. Differences Among the People of the Book

Arabic:
إِنَّ الدِّينَ عِندَ اللَّهِ الْإِسْلَامُ ۗ وَمَا اخْتَلَفَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ إِلَّا مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَهُمُ الْعِلْمُ بَغْيًا بَيْنَهُمْ ۗ وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ

Transliteration:
Inna al-dīna ʿinda Allāhi al-islām, wa-mā ikhtalafa alladhīna ūtū al-kitāba illā min baʿdi mā jāʾahumu al-ʿilmu baghyan baynahum, wa-man yakfur bi-āyāti Allāhi fa-inna Allāha sarīʿu al-ḥisāb

Translation:
"Indeed, the religion in the sight of Allah is Islam. And those who were given the Scripture did not differ except after knowledge had come to them, out of transgression among themselves. And whoever disbelieves in the signs of Allah — then indeed Allah is swift in account." (Āl ʿImrān 19)

8. Pharaoh’s Submission at the Time of Drowning

Arabic:
وَجَاوَزْنَا بِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الْبَحْرَ فَأَتْبَعَهُمْ فِرْعَوْنُ وَجُنُودُهُ بَغْيًا وَعَدْوًا حَتَّىٰ إِذَا أَدْرَكَهُ الْغَرَقُ قَالَ آمَنتُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا الَّذِي آمَنَتْ بِهِ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ وَأَنَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ

Transliteration:
Wa-jāwaznā bi-banī isrāʾīla al-baḥra fa-atbaʿahum firʿawnu wa-junūduhu baghyan wa-ʿadwan ḥattā idhā adrakahū al-gharaqu qāla āmantu annahu lā ilāha illā alladhī āmanat bihi banū isrāʾīl wa-anā mina al-muslimīn

Translation:
"And We took the Children of Israel across the sea, and Pharaoh and his soldiers pursued them in transgression and hostility, until when drowning overtook him, he said, 'I believe that there is no deity except the One in whom the Children of Israel believe, and I am of the Muslims.'" (Yūnus 90)

9. Division Caused by Rebellion

Arabic:
وَمَا تَفَرَّقُوا إِلَّا مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَهُمُ الْعِلْمُ بَغْيًا بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْ مِن رَّبِّكَ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى لَّقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُورِثُوا الْكِتَابَ مِن بَعْدِهِمْ لَفِي شَكٍّ مِّنْهُ مُرِيبٍ

Transliteration:
Wa-mā tafarraqū illā min baʿdi mā jāʾahumu al-ʿilmu baghyan baynahum, wa-lawlā kalimatun sabaqat min rabbika ilā ajalin musamman la-quḍiya baynahum, wa-inna alladhīna ūriṯū al-kitāba min baʿdihim la-fī shakkin minhu murīb

Translation:
"And they did not become divided except after knowledge had come to them, out of transgression among themselves. And if not for a word that had preceded from your Lord for a specified term, judgment would have been passed between them. And indeed those who inherited the Scripture after them are in disturbing doubt concerning it." (Al-Shūrā 14)

10. Clear Evidence Given to the Children of Israel

Arabic:
وَآتَيْنَاهُم بَيِّنَاتٍ مِّنَ الْأَمْرِ ۖ فَمَا اخْتَلَفُوا إِلَّا مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَهُمُ الْعِلْمُ بَغْيًا بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَقْضِي بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ

Transliteration:
Wa-ātaynāhum bayyinātin mina al-amr, fa-mā ikhtalafū illā min baʿdi mā jāʾahumu al-ʿilmu baghyan baynahum, inna rabbaka yaqḍī baynahum yawma al-qiyāmati fīmā kānū fīhi yakhtalifūn

Translation:
"And We gave them clear proofs of the matter, yet they did not differ except after knowledge had come to them, out of rebellion among themselves. Indeed, your Lord will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that over which they used to differ." (Al-Jāthiyah 17)